ABSTRACT
Background: Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA) cytology of the thyroid has been increasingly utilized for the investigation of thyroid lesions. FNA of the thyroid gland is considered to be most cost effective and accurate primary diagnostic procedure for thyroid nodules. In the recent years many approaches has been devised to improve the quality of thyroid FNA cytology because the conventional smear (CS) is subject to error in sample collection and slide preparation. The liquid based cytology (LBC) originally developed for the application of gynaecologic cervical smears, has progressively gained for application of both non gynaecologic and fine needle aspiration cytological material. According to the Wilcoxon signed ranked test for thyroid lesions LBC was not useful in goitre and infectious lesions. It gave better results in anaplastic and medullary carcinoma. So conventional smear is more sensitive, specific and accurate than LBC. Methods: in this prospective study, we had 100 cases of thyroid. In each case, two passes were performed. The first pass was for CS and the second pass yielded material for LBC. Both CS and LBC smears were compared for cellularity, background blood and necrotic cell debris, cell architecture, informative background, presence of a monolayer of cells and nuclear and cytoplasmic details and test on an for statistical analysis. Results: Diagnostic accuracy was better in CS compared withLBC smears as CS was most sensitive (93.18%) and accurate (91.75%) method for analysis of thyroid while LBC method is sensitive (89.04%) and accuracy (86.59%).Conclusion: Conventional smear is more sensitive, specific and accurate than LBC because LBC introduce more cytological artifacts to thyroid aspirates.
ABSTRACT
Background: To compare the effectiveness of the two different methods of inguinal hernia repairs viz. The Lichtenstein hernioplasty and Rutkow-Robbins method of hernioplasty. To compare the results of these two techniques and complications if any, and to arrive at a conclusion as to the better modality of treatment in the present setup. Methods: Total 50 patients of uncomplicated direct and indirect inguinal hernia were included in the study, they were randomly chosen for two different surgeries–The Lichtenstein hernioplasty and Rutkow-Robbins method of hernioplasty, 25 cases each. The relevant data regarding age/sex incidence, mode of presentation, surgical treatment and postoperative complications were recorded on predesigned proforma and analysed. The patients were followed up after 7 days, 15 days, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months thereafter. Results: The mean operative time for Lichtenstein hernioplasty group was 57 minutes, and 47 minutes for the Rutkow-Robbins hernioplasty group. Rest of the observational findings were comparable without any significant difference. Conclusion: The Rutkow-Robbins method of hernioplasty can be completed easily and more quickly with significant reduction in the operative time than Lichtenstein hernioplasty. Incidences of Intra operative and post operative complications as well as overall results of procedures were all comparable without any significant difference.